How did Philip II improve Macedonia’s military?

Philip used his military knowledge to strengthen the Macedonian army. His soldiers were trained to fight as a phalanx. A phalanx was a large group of foot soldiers armed with shields and spears. Soldiers moved closely together in a rectangular formation as if they were one giant soldier.

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How did Philip II make Macedonia powerful?

Philip II, byname Philip of Macedon, (born 382 bce—died 336, Aegae [now Vergina, Greece]), 18th king of Macedonia (359–336 bce), who restored internal peace to his country and by 339 had gained domination over all of Greece by military and diplomatic means, thus laying the foundations for its expansion under his son …

How did Philip II revolutionize his military?

In addition to restructuring his army, Philip invented a completely new tactical infantry formation. The original Macedonian phalanx deployed in 10 files, each 10 men deep, a simple square that made it possible to train troops quickly in simple tactical formations and maneuvers.

What were Philip II accomplishments?

• He defeated the Ottoman offensive in the Mediterranean at the Battle of Lepanto (1571).
• He completed the unification effort in the Iberian Peninsula.
• He successfully preserved the southern Netherlands.
• He suppressed the Morisco uprising.
• Spain remained a military superpower.

How did Philip II influence Alexander the Great?

Philip II also built an army of unprecedented ability and resilience, which conquered the Greek peninsula and prepared the conquest of the Persian Empire that amalgamated with a Greco-Macedonia army. Alexander in point of fact led the invading forces, when he conquered the great Persian Empire.

What changes did Philip make to the Macedonian army?

Philip II improved on these military innovators by using both Epaminondas’ deeper phalanx and Iphicrates’ combination of a longer spear and smaller and lighter shield. However, the Macedonian king also innovated; he introduced the use of a much longer spear, the two-handed pike.

What two advances in military technology made the Macedonian army superior in war?

The two advances in military technology that made the Macedonian army superior in war was the Sarissa and Phalanx.

Why was the Macedonian army so successful?

Professionalism. Ultimately, Alexander’s army represented a truly professional force, with an organised logistical corps, uniform equipment and frequent drill. Alexander’s men could form many different formations very quickly and were well trained.

What mission did Philip II attempt accomplish?

Philip was the self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church. He sought to limit the spread of Protestantism, and he ultimately completed the work of unification begun by Ferdinand and Isabella (the “Catholic Monarchs”) in the Iberian Peninsula.

How did Philip the second strengthen his control over Spain?

To strengthen his control, Philip insisted on strict conformity to Catholicism and strong monarchical authority. During the late Middle Ages, Catholic kingdoms in Spain had reconquered Muslim areas there and expelled the Spanish Jews.

What were Charles V’s accomplishments?

He was first among Catholic monarchs, responsible for spreading the faith to the Americas, fighting the Protestant Reformation, and stopping Ottoman incursions. His was a life of duty and war, but it paved the way for a whole new era in European history.

What Macedonian leader is considered one of the greatest conquerors in history Why?

Alexander the Great was one of history’s most celebrated conquerors. Born as heir to the Macedonian King, his great ambition led him to take on the high Persian Empire. At its height, Alexander’s empire stretched all the way from modern-day Italy clear to the Himalayas.

What military tactics did Alexander the Great use?

Alexander the Great’s Military Tactics

At the heart of Alexander’s army were rows of disciplined soldiers with pikes, spears and swords that were organized into a “phalaiazn” and were capable of overpowering far larger enemy groups. The front rows were armed with sarissaes which had a longer reach than their opponents.

What was the strength of Alexander’s army?

Alexander’s army numbered fewer than 40,000 men, mostly Macedonian and fiercely loyal. The versatile force included cavalry and heavily armed foot soldiers, who wielded spears and formed a phalanx, advancing relentlessly behind raised shields.

How did Philip reorganize his army?

How did Philip reorganize his army? He put them into phalanxes, gave them sarissas, and taught them how to change direction without losing formation.

In what ways did Philip II defend Catholicism How did this cause tensions in Europe?

Philip was a defender of Catholicism. He believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism against the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire and the Protestants of Europe/ He launched the Spanish armada to punish Protestant Europe (fleet was defeated) and he also took up arms against the Ottoman Empire.

What did Oliver Cromwell’s defeat of the king’s forces allowed him to do?

What did Oliver Cromwell’s defeat of the king’s forces allow him to do? Take control of England and eventually establish a military dictatorship. What laid the foundation of the constitutional monarchy in England?

What impact did Spanish King Philip II have on the arts?

What impact did Spanish King Philip II and French king Louis XIV have on the arts? The impact Spanish King Philip II and French King Louis XIV have on the arts were Philip was an enthusiastic patron of the arts, and he had one of the best vivid portraits of Spanish Nobles.

How did King Charles V impact history?

Charles V revitalized the medieval concept of universal monarchy and spent most of his life attempting to defend the integrity of the Holy Roman Empire from the Protestant Reformation, the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, and a series of wars with France.

What role did Philip II play in the Catholic Reformation?

He considered himself the chief defender of Catholic Europe, both against the Ottoman Turks and against the forces of the Protestant Reformation. He never relented from his fight against what he saw as heresy, defending the Catholic faith and limiting freedom of worship within his territories.

How far was Charles V successful in strengthening his empire?

In ten years, Charles V had successfully restored the power of the Holy Roman Empire to its medieval grandeur. Leaving Italy for Germany, the Emperor witnessed, in the Austrian city of Innsbruck, the death of Gattinara, the man largely responsible for the treaties of 1529 and for the coronation of 1530.

How did Charles V impact the Reformation?

Charles V, the most powerful man of his time, failed to achieve his dream of a universal empire, thwarted by the political realities of Western Europe. He also failed to stop the Reformation and although he bitterly opposed the views of Martin Luther he never acted against him.

Why was Alexander the Great so successful in battle?

Why Was Alexander the Great Successful? Alexander’s success lay in his military genius, knowing how to use his cavalry and troops precisely at key moments in battle. It seemed he was close to defeat several times but could use the situation to his advantage by luring his enemies into a deeper trap.

What changes did Alexander the Great make?

Alexander the Great’s conquests freed the West from the menace of Persian rule and spread Greek civilization and culture into Asia and Egypt. His vast empire stretched east into India.

What are some of Alexander the Great’s accomplishments?

Alexander the Great was one of the greatest military strategists and leaders in world history. He was also ruthless, dictatorial, and ambitious to the point of regarding himself as divine. His conquests of the Mediterranean states, the Persian empire, and parts of India spread Hellenistic culture across these regions.

At what age Alexander died?

32 years (356 BC–323 BC)

Who was the best conqueror?

Genghis Khan was by far the greatest conqueror the world has ever known, whose empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean to central Europe, including all of China, the Middle East and Russia.

What was Alexander trying to achieve in his military campaigns?

After Alexander defeated the last of the Achaemenid Empire’s forces in 328 BC, he began a new campaign to Ariana in 327 BC. He wanted to conquer the entire known world, which in Alexander’s day, ended on the eastern end of India.

How did Philip II alter the trajectory of Macedon?

Besides war, what other strategies allowed Philip to expand Macedonian territory as greatly as he did? Diplomatic relations; he married numerous times to form alliances and signed multiple treaties. Philip used both brilliant diplomacy and innovations in warfare to expand Macedonia’s territory.

Why was Philip II able to conquer the Greek city states?

How was Philip II able to conquer Greece? He organized his troops into phalanxes of 16 men across and 16 deep, each one armed with an 18-foot pike. Philip used this heavy phalanx formation to break through enemy lines. Then he used fast moving cavalry to crush his disorganized opponents.

Who was better Genghis Khan or Alexander the Great?

Moreover, although Genghis Khan had a strong and well-equipped army that conquered a vast land, Alexander is always considered the hero who conquered almost the entire world. Khan had over a hundred children when he died at the age of 65, while Alexander did not have any kids by the time he died at the age of 35.

Was Alexander a good strategist?

Alexander was an excellent military strategist. He comprehended the tactics of how to win, he was good at coordinating and he used his variety of military skills, which are all seen in his undefeated battle record.

How did the Peloponnesian War Help Philip conquer Greece?

How did the Peloponnesian war help Philip II conquer Greece? The war left the Greeks divided and weak. What is an empire? Large territory that is ruled by a single leader or government.

How did Philip II seize the Portuguese kingdom?

How did Philip II seized the Portuguese kingdom? Portugal’s king dies without an apparent heir and he was the king’s nephew he seizes control of Portugal.

What were Philip II policies?

Foreign policy of Philip II. For the first 20 years of his reign, Philip sought to preserve peace with his neighbours in western Europe. He was fighting a major naval war with the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean and, from 1568, he was faced with rebellion and war in the Netherlands.

What was King Philip II of Spain a great supporter of?

What was King Philip II of Spain a great supporter of throughout his empire? He was a large supporter of Catholics.

What was the New Model Army made up of?

As a result, the New Model Army was brought into existence; it was planned to comprise 11 regiments of horse of 600 men each, 12 regiments of foot of 1,200 men each, and 1,000 dragoons (mounted infantrymen).

How did Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch?

Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by… distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life, to keep them out of politics.

How did Philip the second strengthen his control over Spain?

To strengthen his control, Philip insisted on strict conformity to Catholicism and strong monarchical authority. During the late Middle Ages, Catholic kingdoms in Spain had reconquered Muslim areas there and expelled the Spanish Jews.

How did Philip II expand his power?

Philip’s dominions extended from the Spanish heartlands to the Netherlands and Burgundy, while his dominions in Italy included Milan, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia. His extra-European sphere of power grew through the enormous expansion of the colonial territories in the Americas and Asia.

What was Spain’s main economic forces under Philip II?

Philip was forced heavily to rely on taxes in Spain and in 1561 the servicio tax was made a regular one, the excusado was introduced in 1567 and the crusada tax, together were known as the “Three Graces” reaching as much as 1.4 million ducats per year in the 1590’s.

What did King Philip do to defend Catholicism?

He enforced the decrees of the Council of Trent in Spain and employed the Spanish Inquisition to eradicate heresy and monitor the progress of the reform programme. Moreover, Philip actively defended and promoted the interests of Catholicism beyond Spain’s borders.

When Philip II began his rule of Spain what church did he try to strengthen?

He served as king of the Spaniards from 1556 to 1598 and as king of the Portuguese (as Philip I) from 1580 to 1598. The Spanish empire under Philip prospered: it attained its greatest power, extent, and influence. Philip was the self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church.

What important things did Charles V do?

Charles V was one of the most powerful European rulers of all times, reigning over territories in Europe and the Americas. In his European dominions he had to deal with the challenges of the religious conflicts between Catholicism and Protestantism. He also waged numerous wars against France and the Ottoman Empire.

What was a major threat to the empire of Charles V?

A major threat to the empire of Charles V was the Muslim Ottoman Empire. How did Charles V divide his empire? Charles V gave the Hapsburg lands in Central Europe to his brother Ferdinand, who became the Holy Roman Emperor.

How did Charles V gain power?

After the death of his paternal grandfather, Maximilian, in 1519, Charles inherited the Habsburg Monarchy. He was also the natural candidate of the electors to succeed his grandfather as Holy Roman Emperor. He defeated the candidacies of Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Francis I of France, and Henry VIII of England.

What lands did Charles the Great conquer?

In the Saxon Wars, spanning thirty years and eighteen battles, he conquered Saxony and proceeded to convert the conquered to Christianity. By 800 he was the ruler of Western Europe and had control of present-day France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, and parts of Austria and Spain.

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