How can scientists account for the fact that extrasolar planets seem to come in a wider range of types than the planets of our solar system?

How can scientists account for the fact that extrasolar planets seem to come in a wider range of types than the planets of our solar system? The differences result from migration, which in turn may result from a postponement of the clearing of the solar nebula.

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In which case is it easiest to detect a planet in an extrasolar planet system?

While the Doppler technique is most widely used for detecting extrasolar planets, it is best suited to look for very massive planets orbiting close to their parent star. This is because the parent star will wiggle more with a large planet nearby, thereby creating a larger and more easily detectable spectral shift.

What is planetary migration and how may it account for the surprising orbits of many extrasolar planets ?’?

What is planetary migration, and how may it account for the surprising orbits of many extrasolar planets? Migration means the planet gradually moves closer to its parent star. Many extrasolar planets are much closer to their stars than we had expected.

What evidence do astronomers have that the planet is composed mostly of water?

What evidence do astronomers have that the planet is composed mostly of water? They have an estimate of its size, which is not much bigger than Earth, and its density, which is not as high as the density of rock.

How do we expect that the first Earth sized extrasolar planets will be discovered if they exist )?

How do we expect that the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets will be discovered (if they exist)? observing a star carefully enough to notice that it is experiencing a gravitational tug caused by an unseen planet.

Which of the following methods has led to the most discoveries of extrasolar planet?

Which of the following methods has led to the most discoveries of extrasolar planet candidates? measuring the time it takes for the star’s line-of-sight velocity to cycle from peak to peak, and using Newton’s version of Kepler’s Third law.

What are extrasolar planets quizlet?

What is an extrasolar planet? A planet that orbits a star that is not our own Sun. (“Extrasolar” means “beyond the Sun.”)

How can astronomers measure the composition of an extrasolar planets atmosphere?

The most successful method for measuring chemical composition of an exoplanetary atmosphere is the transit spectroscopy method.

What are the two major approaches to detecting extrasolar planets indirectly?

What are the two major approaches to detecting extrasolar planets indirectly? 1. Observing the motion of a star to detect the subtle grav-itational effects of orbiting planets. 2.

What are the two main differences between extrasolar planetary systems discovered to date and our solar system?

What are the two main differences between extrasolar planetary systems discovered to date and our Solar System? the orbital eccentricity of the planet. the planet’s size. Why are many of the newly detected extrasolar planets called “hot Jupiters”?

How do we detect extrasolar planets?

Bottom line: The most popular methods of discovering exoplanets are the transit method and the wobble method, also know as radial velocity. A few exoplanets have been discovered by direct imaging and microlensing.

Why do scientists search for exoplanets?

Observing exoplanets allows us to determine whether or not we actually understand those processes, even in our own solar system. In fact, what we’ve seen so far is that most stellar systems don’t look like our solar system.

How did planetesimals form planets?

Protoplanets are built up through the collisions of planetesimals over millions of years. The protoplanets orbit stably around the Sun for a while, but eventually they collide with each other. In about 100 million years, several terrestrial planets, like the ones found in our Solar System, are formed.

How do scientists find exoplanets?

Most exoplanets are found through indirect methods: measuring the dimming of a star that happens to have a planet pass in front of it, called the transit method, or monitoring the spectrum of a star for the tell-tale signs of a planet pulling on its star and causing its light to subtly Doppler shift.

What was so surprising about the first extrasolar planets discovered?

What was so surprising about the first extrasolar planets discovered? They were Jupiter-like planets orbiting very close to their stars. A star is seen to have two transiting planets. Planet 1 transits every 3 months, and Planet 2 transits every 15 months.

What is the transit method of finding extrasolar planets quizlet?

What is the transit method of finding extrasolar planets? Monitoring a star to detect periodic dips in its brightness from the planet passing in front of and behind the star.

How can spectroscopy be used to learn about extrasolar planet atmospheres?

The technique that JWST will use is called transit spectroscopy. As a transiting exoplanet passes in front of its host star, we can observe the exoplanet’s atmosphere as it is backlit by the star. Additional atmospheric observations can be made by watching as the exoplanet disappears and reappears from behind the star.

Which two quantities need to be measured in order to determine the density of an extrasolar planet?

When a planet is detected both using the radial velocity method (which gives a measurement of the mass) and the transit method (which gives a measurement of the radius), we can combine these to estimate the density. A gas giant planet will have low density below 1 g/cm^3 (one gram per cubic centimeter).

What are extrasolar planets exoplanets and how did they form?

Core accretion is the “bottom-up” approach: Large objects form from smaller ones, eventually building up to exoplanets. Gravitational instability is the “top-down” method: Exoplanets form directly from larger structures in the primordial disks of gas and dust orbiting young stars.

Why does the Doppler method only provide a measure of the minimum mass of a planet?

The Doppler technique only provides a measure of the minimum mass of a planet because? only the motion of star toward the observer is measured, not the full motion. Which planet search technique is currently best suited to finding Earth-like planets? A planet is detected via the Doppler technique.

What information does the Doppler technique give about an extrasolar planet?

Answer: The Doppler technique measures the periodic change in velocity of a star due to the motion of a planet around it. The astrometric technique measures the periodic change in the position of a star on the sky as it responds to the motion of a planet around it.

How are exoplanets different from the planets in our solar system?

At a glance: Exoplanets are planets that orbit other stars. Some look like planets in our own solar system, while others are dramatically different. Exoplanets seem to follow the same general rules as the planets in our solar system: Small planets are rocky, big planets are gassy, and the ones in between may be watery.

What is an important difficulty with the transit method of detecting exoplanets quizlet?

Why is it so difficult to directly observe exoplanets? They are too close to the (much brighter) stars which they orbit.

Why do we say that the Doppler technique gives the planet’s minimum mass quizlet?

Why do we say that the Doppler technique gives the planet’s “minimum mass”? The size of the Doppler shift that we detect depends on whether the planet’s orbit is tilted. The size of the Doppler shift that we detect depends on knowing the star’s mass, which can be very uncertain.

Which space observatory used the transit method to detect extrasolar planets?

The Hubble Space Telescope also conducted transit surveys during its many years in orbit. For instance, the Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search (SWEEPS) – which took place in 2006 – consisted of Hubble observing 180,000 stars in the central bulge of the Milky Way Galaxy.

Why is it hard to detect extrasolar planets?

Because exoplanets exist outside our solar system, orbiting other stars, they can be hard to capture with a telescope. In fact, even Neptune, in our own solar system, is a blurry blue ball when viewed form Earth’s orbit. Because of this, it can be hard to find exoplanets.

Why are extrasolar planets so hard to detect directly quizlet?

why are extrasolar planets hard o detect directly? 1. planets are extremely tiny compared to the vast distances between stars.

Which method of finding exoplanets has given us the vast majority of confirmed exoplanets discovered?

The vast majority of planets around other stars have been found through the transit method so far. This technique involves monitoring the amount of light that a star gives off over time, and looking for dips in brightness that may indicate an orbiting planet passing in front of the star.

How does transit method find exoplanets?

The first new detection was OGLE-TR-56b, discovered in 2003. The transit method consists of regularly measuring the luminosity of a star in order to detect the periodic decrease in luminosity associated with the transit of an exoplanet. The transit happen when a planet passes in front of its star.

How do astronomers detect a planet using a spectrometer?

“You take the light from a star, planet or galaxy and pass it through a spectroscope, which is a bit like a prism letting you split the light into its component colours. “It lets you see the chemicals being absorbed or emitted by the light source. From this you can work out all sorts of things,” says Watson.

Which method of detecting exoplanets can estimate the mass of the planet?

While the radial velocity method provides information about a planet’s mass, the photometric method can determine the planet’s radius.

What was a surprise finding involving extrasolar planets around other stars?

They are more eccentric than the orbit of Mars. What is the biggest surprise about extrasolar planetary systems? Many systems have very large planets orbiting close to the star. What is a hot Jupiter?

How do astronomers locate planets?

The most successful way of finding planets is the transit method. This is where telescopes measure the total amount of light coming from a star, and detect a slight variation in brightness as a planet passes in front. Using this technique, NASA’s Kepler Mission has turned up thousands of candidate planets.

What is exoplanet research?

Exoplanetary research is one of the most rapidly developing fields in modern science, with the discovery of thousands of worlds beyond the confines of our own Solar System.

How does the Doppler radial velocity method detect extrasolar planets?

The radial-velocity method for detecting exoplanets relies on the fact that a star does not remain completely stationary when it is orbited by a planet. The star moves, ever so slightly, in a small circle or ellipse, responding to the gravitational tug of its smaller companion.

Which technique allows astronomers to detect exoplanets by causing the star’s position to wobble?

Astrometry is the method that detects the motion of a star by making precise measurements of its position on the sky. This technique can also be used to identify planets around a star by measuring tiny changes in the star’s position as it wobbles around the center of mass of the planetary system.

How do planetesimals grow bigger?

How do planetesimals grow bigger? Their gravitational pull attracts more gas and dust to them. If the protoplanets that became Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars had been much larger, would they have lost as much of their gases?

How did planetesimals form quizlet?

A solar nebula collapsed, which then formed a protostellar disk. The sun formed at the center of the protostellar disk. Inside the protoplanetary disk dust granules grew in size getting to be large enough to form a planetesimal.

How did planets form from smaller masses such as planetesimals and protoplanets?

Small objects in the solar system are known as planetesimals. Early in the history of the solar system, planetesimals collided with each other to form larger bodies (protoplanets). In turn, protoplanets collided with each other to form the eight planets we see today.

How can astronomers measure the composition of an extrasolar planets atmosphere?

The most successful method for measuring chemical composition of an exoplanetary atmosphere is the transit spectroscopy method.

How do we expect that the first Earth sized extrasolar planets will be discovered if they exist )?

How do we expect that the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets will be discovered (if they exist)? observing a star carefully enough to notice that it is experiencing a gravitational tug caused by an unseen planet.

When did scientists start discovering exoplanets?

In 1992, astronomers discovered the first exoplanet, or planet outside our solar system. But it didn’t come in any form they’d really anticipated. The first exoplanets ever discovered were found orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. It took years for astronomers to find exoplanets around sun-like stars.

What are extrasolar planets quizlet?

What is an extrasolar planet? A planet that orbits a star that is not our own Sun. (“Extrasolar” means “beyond the Sun.”)

Which detection methods can find exoplanets in systems that are face on to us?

Which method could detect a planet in an orbit that is face-on to the Earth? The astrometric technique watches for tiny movements of a star against the background of other stars. It’s best for detecting massive planets that orbit far from their stars, even though distant planets take longer to orbit.

Can we detect atmospheres of exoplanets?

Several planets outside the Solar System (exoplanets) have been observed to have atmospheres. At the present time, most atmosphere detections are of hot Jupiters or hot Neptunes that orbit very close to their star and thus have heated and extended atmospheres. Observations of exoplanet atmospheres are of two types.

What extrasolar planet discoveries were initially surprising?

What was so surprising about the first extrasolar planets that they forced a change in our theory of planet formation? They were massive like Jupiter, but very close to their host star.

How do we obtain data about the properties of exoplanets and objects in our solar system?

The radial velocity method involves watching the spectral lines of a star as a planet orbits the star. Because of the planets gravitational pull on the star, the star will wobble. This causes Doppler shifts in the spectral lines, allowing astronomers to infer the presence of the planets.

What is the transit method of finding extrasolar planets quizlet?

What is the transit method of finding extrasolar planets? Monitoring a star to detect periodic dips in its brightness from the planet passing in front of and behind the star.

What information does the Doppler technique give about an extrasolar planet?

Answer: The Doppler technique measures the periodic change in velocity of a star due to the motion of a planet around it. The astrometric technique measures the periodic change in the position of a star on the sky as it responds to the motion of a planet around it.

How can the Doppler technique be used to give information about the movement of a star?

Doppler spectroscopy detects periodic shifts in radial velocity by recording variations in the color of light from the host star. When a star moves towards the Earth, its spectrum is blueshifted, while it is redshifted when it moves away from us.

What are extrasolar planets exoplanets and how did they form?

Core accretion is the “bottom-up” approach: Large objects form from smaller ones, eventually building up to exoplanets. Gravitational instability is the “top-down” method: Exoplanets form directly from larger structures in the primordial disks of gas and dust orbiting young stars.

How are exoplanets different from the planets in our Solar System?

At a glance: Exoplanets are planets that orbit other stars. Some look like planets in our own solar system, while others are dramatically different. Exoplanets seem to follow the same general rules as the planets in our solar system: Small planets are rocky, big planets are gassy, and the ones in between may be watery.

How do scientists find exoplanets?

Most exoplanets are found through indirect methods: measuring the dimming of a star that happens to have a planet pass in front of it, called the transit method, or monitoring the spectrum of a star for the tell-tale signs of a planet pulling on its star and causing its light to subtly Doppler shift.

How does Doppler spectroscopy detect an exoplanet?

As depicted in this image, astronomers can detect an exoplanet thanks to the changes in Doppler shifts that the planet's gravitational pull exerts on its host star. Those shifts are seen as red or blue color changes in the spectrum of light emitted by the star.

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