How can you differentiate slow spreading ridges and fast spreading ridges?

Fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges have an axial high (the “rise crest”) whereas slow-spreading ridges have deep axial rift valleys. This difference in morphology is reflected in the ruggedness of the flanks of ridges.

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How would you expect the topography of the seafloor to vary between a fast and slow spreading center?

As the plates separate, molten rock rises to the seafloor, producing enormous volcanic eruptions of basalt. The speed of spreading affects the shape of a ridge – slower spreading rates result in steep, irregular topography while faster spreading rates produce much wider profiles and more gentle slopes.

What are the different types of ridges?

Friction ridge patterns are grouped into three distinct types—loops, whorls, and arches—each with unique variations, depending on the shape and relationship of the ridges: Loops – prints that recurve back on themselves to form a loop shape.

What are the reasons for having slow and fast-spreading ridges?

These features are also called abyssal hills and are present on both sides of the ridge axis and are caused cracking of the ocean plate by seafloor spreading. Volcanic rock that has cooled after magma has erupted on the seafloor. Volcanic rock on the seafloor is mostly basalt.

What is a spreading ridge?

An oceanic spreading ridge is the fracture zone along the ocean bottom where molten mantle material comes to the surface, thus creating new crust. This fracture can be seen beneath the ocean as a line of ridges that form as molten rock reaches the ocean bottom and solidifies.

What are slow spreading ridges?

Slow-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridge

At slower spreading ridges, like the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the seafloor behaves like nougat or cold chocolate bars—when it gets pulled enough it cracks and breaks. The ocean crust at slow spreading ridges breaks into ridges and valleys as the seafloor gets pulled apart.

How do you identify a ridge characteristic?

Humans have characteristically ridged skin on their fingertips, palms, and soles. This roughened skin makes it easier to grip things and, up close, it appears as patterns of tiny ridges and furrows.

What characterizes a slow spreading plate boundary?

At a slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge magma is supplied at a slow rate and the oceanic plates cool, causing the crest of the ridge to subside. At a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge the magma supply rate is higher. This keeps the plates warmer and the crest of the rise does not subside.

Which mid ocean ridge is spreading the slowest?

The Ridge is named after him, and the name was recognized in April 1987 by SCUFN (under that body’s old name, the Sub-Committee on Geographical Names and Nomenclature of Ocean Bottom Features). The ridge is the slowest known spreading ridge on earth, with a rate of less than one centimeter per year.

How does pattern area differ from type lines?

The pattern areas of loops and whorls are enclosed by type lines. Type lines may be defined as the two innermost ridges which start parallel, diverge, and surround or tend to surround the pattern area. Figure 11 is a typical loop.

Is the East Pacific Rise spreading faster or slower than the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

The East Pacific Rise is spreading faster than the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The wide swath of red and orange parallel to the East Pacific Rise illustrates that a large area of oceanic rocks are very young.

How fast the seafloor is spreading?

These age data also allow the rate of seafloor spreading to be determined, and they show that rates vary from about 0.1 cm (0.04 inch) per year to 17 cm (6.7 inches) per year. Seafloor-spreading rates are much more rapid in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

What is the slowest spreading ocean?

Abstract. [1] The Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean is the slowest spreading portion of the global mid-ocean ridge system. Total spreading rates range from 12.7 mm/yr near Greenland to 6.0 mm/yr where the ridge disappears beneath the Laptev Shelf.

Is the sea floor spreading faster or slower than on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

Rapidly spreading ridges have a much more gentle slopes. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, for instance, is a slow spreading center. It spreads 2-5 centimeters (. 8-2 inches) every year and forms an ocean trench about the size of the Grand Canyon.

Which has the fastest spreading plate boundaries?

The fastest present-day seafloor spreading, ~150 km/Myr, occurs along the Pacific-Nazca boundary between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates.

Why is the Pacific spreading faster than the Atlantic?

Faster spreading ridges like the northern and southern East Pacific Rise are “hotter,” meaning more magma is present beneath the ridge axis and more volcanic eruptions occur. Because the plate under the ridge crest is hotter scientists think that the plate responds to the divergent spreading process more fluidly.

Which divergent boundary spreads the fastest?

These average rates of plate separations can range widely. The Arctic Ridge has the slowest rate (less than 2.5 cm/yr), and the East Pacific Rise near Easter Island, in the South Pacific about 3,400 km west of Chile, has the fastest rate (more than 15 cm/yr).

How do ridges form?

A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.

Which term is the slow movement of oceanic crust under the continental crust of the earth’s surface?

Fig. 7.24. (A) A subduction zone forms when oceanic crust slides under continental crust.

Are ridges convergent or divergent?

Most divergent plate boundaries are underwater (Iceland is an exception), and form submarine mountain ranges called oceanic spreading ridges. While the process is volcanic, volcanoes and earthquakes along oceanic spreading ridges are not as violent as they are at convergent plate boundaries.

What is a fast spreading ridge?

Fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges have an axial high (the “rise crest”) whereas slow-spreading ridges have deep axial rift valleys. This difference in morphology is reflected in the ruggedness of the flanks of ridges.

How fast is the Mid Atlantic Ridge spreading?

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs down the center of the Atlantic Ocean. It spread apart at rates of 2 to 5 cm per year, and at these relatively slow spreading rates, the ridge has a deep rift valley along its crest. The rift valley is 1 to 3 km deep, about the depth and width of the Grand Canyon.

What are the differences between ridge counting and ridge tracing?

– Where the line crosses an island, both sides are counted. Ridge counting for bifurcation and island: RIDGE TRACING: – The course of the lower ridge of the delta, is followed and it will be found either to meet or to go inside or to go outside the corresponding ridge of the delta.

How can you distinguish a plain arch from a tented arch?

When classifying an ending ridge – if the ridges on both sides of the ending ridge following its direction or flow trend, the print may be classified as a plain arch. If however, the ridges on only one side follow its direction, the print is a tented arch.

Can you identify any ridge characteristics on the suspects prints on the prints from the crime scene?

Can you identify any ridge characteristics on the suspects prints? on the prints from the crime scene? Circle and label any ridge characteristics you find. There are a variety of ridge characteristics. The most common will be ridge endings, lakes, and bifurcations, but there are also hooks, dots, and islands.

Which ocean basin is spreading the fastest the slowest?

The fastest spreading rate is the northern part of the Pacific plate, which is spreading at approximately 15.6 cm/yr. The slowest spreading rate is the Southwest Indian Ridge, between the African plate and the Antarctic plate, which is spreading at 1.4–1.5 cm/yr.

Which ocean basin has the overall spreading rate been the slowest?

The Gakkel Mid-Ocean Ridge (MOR) is the slowest spreading center on the planet with full-spreading rates between 1.33 cm/yr along the Greenland end to 0.63 cm/yr along the Siberian end.

What is that ridge that divides into two ridges and which resembles a fork structure *?

Bifurcation – a ridge formation in which a single ridge splits or divides into two or more ridges. It resembles a fork shape.

What is the difference between the mid-ocean ridge and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

The mid ocean ridge systems are the largest geological features on the planet. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a mostly underwater mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean that runs from 87°N -about 333km south of the North Pole- to subantarctic Bourvet island at 54°S.

What is the difference between a rise and a ridge?

Ridges And Rises

So, what’s the difference between a ridge and a rise? It has to do with how fast they are spreading apart. Ridges are spreading apart more slowly, and thus have steep slopes and higher elevations; Rises are spreading quickly, so have gentle slopes and are lower in elevation.

What is the difference between a plain whorl and a central pocket whorl?

Draw a line between the two deltas in the plain and central pocket whorls. If some of the curved ridges touch the line, it is a plain whorl. If none of the center core touches the line, it is a central pocket whorl.

What are the different ridge characteristics that could be considered as Delta?

Delta – A point in loop and whorl prints that lies within an often triangular, three-pronged or funnel-shaped structure; it is the part of a ridge nearest the point where two parallel ridge lines (the “type” lines) diverge to flow around the loop or whorl; loop patterns have one delta, which is the starting point for …

What type of boundary is the Marianas Trench?

In the case of a convergent boundary between two oceanic plates, one is usually subducted under the other, and in the process a trench is formed. “The Marianas Trench (paralleling the Mariana Islands), for example, marks where the fast-moving Pacific Plate converges against the slower moving Philippine Plate.

What does a slow spreading ridge form?

One hypothesis for different along-axis depths is variations in magma supply to the spreading center. Ultra-slow spreading ridges form both magmatic and amagmatic (currently lack volcanic activity) ridge segments without transform faults.

What is sea floor spreading and what causes it?

Sea-floor spreading is what happens at the mid-oceanic ridge where a divergent boundary is causing two plates to move away from one another resulting in spreading of the sea floor. As the plates move apart, new material wells up and cools onto the edge of the plates.

How does the rate of seafloor spreading affect sea level?

The increased rate of seafloor spreading caused sea level to rise. Increasing the rate of seafloor spreading inflates the ridge. Hot, young lithosphere is forming and moving away from the ridge at a faster rate and moves a greater distance from the ridge before it cools and contracts.

What characterizes a slow spreading plate boundary?

At a slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge magma is supplied at a slow rate and the oceanic plates cool, causing the crest of the ridge to subside. At a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge the magma supply rate is higher. This keeps the plates warmer and the crest of the rise does not subside.

How would you expect the topography of the seafloor to vary between a fast and slow spreading center?

As the plates separate, molten rock rises to the seafloor, producing enormous volcanic eruptions of basalt. The speed of spreading affects the shape of a ridge – slower spreading rates result in steep, irregular topography while faster spreading rates produce much wider profiles and more gentle slopes.

What do you understand by sea spreading?

seafloor spreading, theory that oceanic crust forms along submarine mountain zones, known collectively as the mid-ocean ridge system, and spreads out laterally away from them.

What are spreading ridges?

An oceanic spreading ridge is the fracture zone along the ocean bottom where molten mantle material comes to the surface, thus creating new crust. This fracture can be seen beneath the ocean as a line of ridges that form as molten rock reaches the ocean bottom and solidifies.

Which mid-ocean ridge is spreading the slowest?

The Ridge is named after him, and the name was recognized in April 1987 by SCUFN (under that body’s old name, the Sub-Committee on Geographical Names and Nomenclature of Ocean Bottom Features). The ridge is the slowest known spreading ridge on earth, with a rate of less than one centimeter per year.

Is the East Pacific Rise spreading faster or slower than the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

The East Pacific Rise is spreading faster than the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The wide swath of red and orange parallel to the East Pacific Rise illustrates that a large area of oceanic rocks are very young.

How are oceanic plates different from continental plates?

Continental plates are much thicker that Oceanic plates. At the convergent boundaries the continental plates are pushed upward and gain thickness. The rocks and geological layers are much older on continental plates than in the oceanic plates. The Continental plates are much less dense than the Oceanic plates.

What are the reasons for having slow and fast spreading ridges?

These features are also called abyssal hills and are present on both sides of the ridge axis and are caused cracking of the ocean plate by seafloor spreading. Volcanic rock that has cooled after magma has erupted on the seafloor. Volcanic rock on the seafloor is mostly basalt.

Is the sea floor spreading faster or slower than on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

Rapidly spreading ridges have a much more gentle slopes. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, for instance, is a slow spreading center. It spreads 2-5 centimeters (. 8-2 inches) every year and forms an ocean trench about the size of the Grand Canyon.

Where are spreading rates faster in the Pacific or the Atlantic?

Seafloor-spreading rates are much more rapid in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. At spreading rates of about 15 cm (6 inches) per year, the entire crust beneath the Pacific Ocean (about 15,000 km [9,300 miles] wide) could be produced in 100 million years.

What is the fastest spreading center?

Some of our recent research involves hydrothermal and structural investigations along Earth’s fastest seafloor spreading center, the 28°S–32°S East Pacific Rise. The fastest present-day seafloor spreading, ~150 km/Myr, occurs along the Pacific-Nazca boundary between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates.

What is the major difference between the transform boundary and the convergent or divergent boundaries of plates?

Divergent boundaries — where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. Convergent boundaries — where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another. Transform boundaries — where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.

Which term is the slow movement of oceanic crust under the continental crust of the earth’s surface?

Fig. 7.24. (A) A subduction zone forms when oceanic crust slides under continental crust.

Why are two plates spreading considered to be constructive ‘?

The constructive plate of the Atlantic ocean is thus expanding plate margin and the pacific is shrinking plate as it formed near the destructive plate boundary. The spreading enable the plates to move further apart and thus is considered to be constructive.

What type of boundary is a ridge?

A divergent plate boundary often forms a mountain chain known as a ridge. This feature forms as magma escapes into the space between the spreading tectonic plates.

What type of boundary creates a trench?

In particular, ocean trenches are a feature of convergent plate boundaries, where two or more tectonic plates meet. At many convergent plate boundaries, dense lithosphere melts or slides beneath less-dense lithosphere in a process called subduction, creating a trench.

How is a spreading ridge formed?

New oceanic crust is created at this boundary when basalt magma, formed in the mantle, rises into fractures in the crust and solidifies. Spreading ridges are high elevation because the young oceanic plate at the ridge crest is hot and less dense than the older, colder and more dense plate on the flanks of the ridge.

What is the difference between the continental crust and the oceanic crust?

Oceanic crust differs from continental crust in several ways: it is thinner, denser, younger, and of different chemical composition. Like continental crust, however, oceanic crust is destroyed in subduction zones. The lavas are generally of two types: pillow lavas and sheet flows.

Which theory explains that continents slowly moved to their current locations?

Wegener proposed the hypothesis of continental drift, which suggested that continents are in constant motion on the surface of Earth. Over time Pangaea began breaking apart, and the continents slowly moved to their present positions.

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