How can upwelling affect the nutrient and oxygen?

How can upwelling affect the nutrient and oxygen content of ocean water around coastlines? It brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the ocean surface.

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How do upwellings affect life in the oceans?

Upwelling brings those lost/sunk nutrients back to the surface, which creates “blooms” of algae and zooplankton, which feed on those nutrients. These blooms then become feeding grounds for plankton feeders, then fish, etc, sustaining ocean life that lives near the surface.

How do Downwellings and upwellings affect nutrient and oxygen contents?

Downwelling is where surface water is forced downwards, where it may deliver oxygen to deeper water. Downwelling leads to reduced productivity, as it extends the depth of the nutrient-limited layer. Upwelling occurs where surface currents are diverging, or moving away from each other.

How do nutrients move in the ocean as a result of upwelling?

Water that rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically colder and is rich in nutrients. These nutrients “fertilize” surface waters, meaning that these surface waters often have high biological productivity. Therefore, good fishing grounds typically are found where upwelling is common.

What force drives upwelling?

This is known as the Coriolis effect and is largely responsible for upwelling in coastal regions. The Coriolis effect also causes upwelling in the open ocean near the Equator. Trade winds at the Equator blow surface water both north and south, allowing upwelling of deeper water.

How does upwelling affect oxygen?

It gets replaced by water from deeper depths that is rich in nutrients and helps fuel the productivity of the West Coast. This process is known as coastal upwelling. The upwelled water has lower levels of dissolved oxygen because the deep water has spent such a long time isolated from the atmosphere.

How do the effects of nutrients in upwellings compare to the effects of nutrients from agricultural runoff?

Upwellings tend to positively impact marine ecosystems by delivering nutrients that support healthy levels of marine productivity, while nutrients from agricultural runoff tend to harm marine ecosystems by causing hypoxia as a result of eutrophication.

How does upwelling affect ocean acidification?

Upwelling takes place when strong winds push surface waters away from the shoreline, allowing colder, nutrient-rich water to rise from below. This nutrient-rich water supports diverse populations of marine life. But it is also rich in dissolved CO2 and has a naturally lower pH compared to the water it replaces.

How can upwelling affect the nutrient and oxygen content of ocean water around coastlines?

How can upwelling affect the nutrient and oxygen content of ocean water around coastlines? It brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the ocean surface.

What are upwellings and Downwellings?

Upwelling is the movement of cold, deep, often nutrient-rich water to the surface mixed layer; and downwelling is the movement of surface water to deeper depths. Downwelling occurs when surface waters converge (come together), pushing the surface water downwards.

How does upwelling occur and how does it affect the local ecosystem?

The upward movement of this deep, colder water is called upwelling. The deeper water that rises to the surface during upwelling is rich in nutrients. These nutrients “fertilize” surface waters, encouraging the growth of plant life, including phytoplankton.

How does upwelling and gyres impact California and its coastal area?

The upwelling further cools the already cool California Current. This is the mechanism that produces California’s characteristic coastal fog and cool ocean waters. As a result, ocean surf temperatures are much colder along the Pacific coast than the Atlantic coast.

What effect does El Niño have on upwelling?

During normal conditions, upwelling brings water from the depths to the surface; this water is cold and nutrient rich. During El Niño, upwelling weakens or stops altogether. Without the nutrients from the deep, there are fewer phytoplankton off the coast.

How does upwelling influence the abundance of organisms?

Because of upwelling nutrients, krill are abundant enough to feed the largest animals on earth, baleen whales, as well as myriad penguins, seals, and seabirds.

Which is most likely effect of too much nitrogen and phosphorus flowing into a lake?

Too much nitrogen and phosphorus in the water causes algae to grow faster than ecosystems can handle. Significant increases in algae harm water quality, food resources and habitats, and decrease the oxygen that fish and other aquatic life need to survive.

Why are upwelling zones generally more productive than coastal oceans?

***Why are upwelling zones generally more productive than coastal oceans? COASTAL=shallow in comparison to the open ocean with a higher proportion of the water column and higher nutrient inputs coming from terrestrial run-off. MORE TURBIDITY in coastal waters, which limits the depth reached by solar radiation.

How does coastal upwelling affect ecosystems?

This increase in abundance of organisms at the lowest level of the marine food web allows for the consumers higher up in the food web to obtain the food and energy that they need to thrive. This is the reason for large populations of marine mammals and sea birds, as well as the abundant fisheries in this region.

How do ocean currents affect plankton’s life?

In general, the oceanic circulation helps sustain marine life by stirring up the chemical nutrients in the water and carrying them or the plankton formed from them, into regions that have an inadequate supply.

What is Ekman pumping?

The mechanism by which the effects of boundary layer momentum fluxes are communicated directly to the neighboring (essentially inviscid) fluid. The mechanism involves a forced secondary circulation referred to as Ekman pumping or Ekman suction, depending on its sign.

What are the negative effects of upwelling?

This research suggests that increasing upwelling could exacerbate the effects of ocean acidification and raise the risk of hypoxia—or low-oxygen waters commonly known as dead zones.

How does wind lead to upwelling?

Winds blowing across the ocean surface often push water away from an area. When this occurs, water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water. This process is known as upwelling.

Why are upwelling zones often on the western sides of continents?

Upwelling is most common along the west coast of continents (eastern sides of ocean basins). In the Northern Hemisphere, upwelling occurs along west coasts (e.g., coasts of California, Northwest Africa) when winds blow from the north (causing Ekman transport of surface water away from the shore).

What are two specific regions where significant upwelling occurs?

Most major upwelling regions are found along the west coasts of continents, such as off California, Peru, Namibia and South Africa. Large-scale upwelling off the west coast of Australia is suppressed due to the poleward-flowing Leeuwin Current.

How would Cetology best be characterized?

Cetology is an area of study that examines the physical characteristics and behaviors of some types of marine mammals by using experimentation. How would Cetology best be characterized? A professor researching seaweed at a laboratory in the United States has been offered a position at a Chinese university.

Why is upwelling important quizlet?

Upwelling is important because the nutrients that are brought to the surface support the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton, which supports other life.

Which phenomenon shuts down the upwelling of nutrients along the western coast of South America?

An ENSO event begins with a slackening of the trade winds in the equatorial Pacific, and a corresponding collapse of the sea surface slope between Indonesia and South America. The pile of warm water in the western Pacific sloshes toward the coast of South America, and shuts down the South American upwelling.

Why does coastal upwelling lead to high biological productivity quizlet?

Why does coastal upwelling lead to high biological productivity? It provides a current for fish to move up in the water column to devour the phytoplankton on the surface. It brings warm, nutrient-rich water to the surface, where phytoplankton reside.

What nutrients are in upwelling?

Upwelling brings cold water from the deep ocean to the surface. This cold water is typically rich in nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate because of the dead and decaying matter that has sunk to the ocean floor. These nutrients are important for the primary producers of the oceanic food chain, the phytoplankton.

How does upwelling decrease the populations of some organisms?

How does upwelling decrease the populations of some organisms? Upwelling moves marine larvae away from their normal habitats. Without oceans, the temperatures of Earth would vary widely from temperatures that currently exist.

Why is upwelling such an important factor in creating areas of high biologic productivity?

Why is upwelling such an important factor in creating areas of high biologic productivity? a) Upwelling brings nutrient-rich deep water to the surface where productivity is limited by the availability of nutrients. 99.9 % of the ocean’s biomass gets its carbon directly or indirectly from what process?

Where are Downwellings commonly found?

Locations. Downwelling occurs in areas such as in the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic where several surface currents meet, where cold waters meet warmer waters, such as along the outermost boundary of the Southern Ocean where cold Antarctic water sinks below warmer South Pacific and South Atlantic waters.

Why are coastal ecosystems so highly productive?

Coastal ecosystems are generally highly productive ecosystems for several reasons. They benefit from nutrient-rich runoff from land. Because they’re shallow, the benthic organisms in these ecosystems live in the upper photic zone, instead of the bottom as in the open sea.

Why does upwelling increase biological productivity quizlet?

Why does upwelling increase biological productivity? It provides nutrients used by phytoplankton. Where on the globe does deep-water formation occur? The floats that are programmed to measure deep currents are called what?

Is Kuroshio current warm or cold?

The surface waters of the Kuroshio Current are warm and salty. This is because the Kuroshio starts in the tropics where the westward flowing North Equatorial Current reaches the western boundary of the North Pacific.

What current is the longest and the strongest current as it is not deflected by continents?

2). The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the only current that connects all of the major ocean basins, and in terms of the amount of water that it transports, it is the largest surface current on Earth.

What happens at the equator due to easterly trade winds and Ekman transport?

The easterly trade winds cause northward Ekman transport just to the north of the equator and southward Ekman transport just to the south of the equator. This causes upwelling at the equator. As a result, the pycnocline shoals towards the equator.

Why do trade winds weaken in El Niño?

During an El Nino, when the warm water moves eastward towards South America (along the thermocline, and reducing the equatorial upwelling), they weaken that gradient, and sometimes event reverse it. As that E-W SST gradient gets weaker, the trade winds get weaker.

What are the effects of La Niña?

The impacts of La Niña on our weather and climate have been highly variable throughout history. La Niña delivers drier, warmer, and sunnier weather along the southern tier of the United States, from California to Florida. This weather increases the risk of wildfires in Florida and dryness in the North American plains.

What is the effect of La Niña on both Pacific hurricanes typhoons and Atlantic hurricanes?

During La Niña, westerly winds high in the atmosphere weaken. This results in an expanded area of low vertical wind shear, allowing more Atlantic hurricanes to develop during La Niña events. La Niña increases the number of hurricanes that develop and allows stronger hurricanes to form.

What would be the most likely effect on a bioindicator species if there was a sudden influx of pollution to a pond?

Which organism would make a good bioindicator? Which will most likely happen to a biological indicator species if there is a sudden increase in pollution? There will be a significant decrease in the population numbers and the quality of the individuals. Which will best show lakes, rivers, and streams are healthy?

How can algae decrease oxygen levels?

The overgrowth of algae consumes oxygen and blocks sunlight from underwater plants. When the algae eventually dies, the oxygen in the water is consumed.

Which organism would make a good Bioindicator?

Lichens and bryophytes serve as effective bioindicators of air quality because they have no roots, no cuticle, and acquire all their nutrients from direct exposure to the atmosphere. Their high surface area to volume ratio further encourages the interception and accumulation of contaminants from the air.

How can upwelling affect the nutrient and oxygen content of ocean water around coastlines?

How can upwelling affect the nutrient and oxygen content of ocean water around coastlines? It brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the ocean surface.

Why are upwellings important?

Upwelling brings those lost/sunk nutrients back to the surface, which creates “blooms” of algae and zooplankton, which feed on those nutrients. These blooms then become feeding grounds for plankton feeders, then fish, etc, sustaining ocean life that lives near the surface.

Why are upwellings and Downwellings important for marine environments?

Upwelling and downwelling describe mass movements of the ocean, which affect both surface and deep currents. These movements are essential in stirring the ocean, delivering oxygen to depth, distributing heat, and bringing nutrients to the surface.

How do upwellings affect phytoplankton growth?

The upward movement of this deep, colder water is called upwelling. The deeper water that rises to the surface during upwelling is rich in nutrients. These nutrients “fertilize” surface waters, encouraging the growth of plant life, including phytoplankton.

How are planktons important to food webs and food chains?

Phytoplankton and algae form the bases of aquatic food webs. They are eaten by primary consumers like zooplankton, small fish, and crustaceans. Primary consumers are in turn eaten by fish, small sharks, corals, and baleen whales.

Why are planktons important to oceans?

Marine plankton, found in all ocean ecosystems, play a critical role in maintaining the health and balance of the ocean and its complex food webs. The oxygen, nutrients, and biomass they produce also sustain terrestrial life—from the food we eat to the air we breathe.

How are upwelling zones changing with global warming?

At regional scales, especially in coastal upwelling systems, the ecosystem response to surface warming becomes more complex. It is hypothesized that global warming will enhance land–sea temperature gradients that in turn will increase upwelling favorable winds (i.e., the Bakun hypothesis)¹⁰.

Why is upwelling important to fisheries?

Effects of Upwelling

Because the deep water brought to the surface is often rich in nutrients, coastal upwelling supports the growth of seaweed and plankton. These, in turn, provide food for fish, marine mammals, and birds.

What makes upwellings and Downwellings occur?

A coastal upwelling and downwellings occurs when the wind blows offshore ore parallel to shore. Sometimes they occur when offshore wind creates a current that pushes the surface water out to sea.

How do the effects of nutrients in upwellings compare to the effects of nutrients from agricultural runoff?

Upwellings tend to positively impact marine ecosystems by delivering nutrients that support healthy levels of marine productivity, while nutrients from agricultural runoff tend to harm marine ecosystems by causing hypoxia as a result of eutrophication.

What causes Ekman current?

Ekman transport occurs when ocean surface waters are influenced by the friction force acting on them via the wind. As the wind blows it casts a friction force on the ocean surface that drags the upper 10-100m of the water column with it.

What causes the Ekman spiral?

The Ekman spiral, named after Swedish scientist Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874-1954) who first theorized it in 1902, is a consequence of the Coriolis effect. When surface water molecules move by the force of the wind, they, in turn, drag deeper layers of water molecules below them.

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