How did scientists determine the age of the ocean floor quizlet?

Scientists discovered that the rock that makes up the ocean floor lies in a pattern of magnetized “stripes”. These stripes hold a record of reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field. The Glomar Challenger, a drilling ship, gathered samples. The scientists determined the age of the rocks in the samples.

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What did scientists discover to prove that the seafloor is spreading?

In the early 1960s, dating of ocean-core samples showed that the ocean floor was younger at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge but progressively older in either direction, confirming the reality of seafloor spreading.

How did scientists prove the theory of seafloor spreading quizlet?

How did scientists use the magnetic polarity of the Earth’s crust to prove the theory of seafloor spreading? They showed that the patterns of polarity in Earth’s crust on one side of a mid-ocean ridge mirrored the other side.

What did they discover and what did the data confirm about the ocean floor?

The data confirmed what the sea-floor spreading hypothesis predicted. The ocean floor is youngest along the central valley of the mid-ocean ridge. The ocean floor is oldest in subduction zones or near the edges of continents far from the ridge.

What are some ways that scientists determine the age of rocks?

The age of rocks is determined by radiometric dating, which looks at the proportion of two different isotopes in a sample. Radioactive isotopes break down in a predictable amount of time, enabling geologists to determine the age of a sample using equipment like this thermal ionization mass spectrometer.

How did scientists determine the age of the ocean floor?

Scientists can determine the age of the seafloor by examining the changing magnetic field of our planet. Every once in a while, the currents in the liquid core, which create the Earth’s magnetic field, reverse themselves: it is called a geomagnetic reversal.

What did scientists examine to establish the locations of plate boundaries?

The pattern of earthquakes found there show that plates are subducting. The shape of mid‐ocean ridges aligns very closely with the shape of the continental margins, showing they were once connected. Rock samples there showed that new seafloor crust was formed at them, then moved away from them on the moving plates.

How did scientists determine how old the ocean floor is Brainly?

The answer is radiometric dating, if you have the choices of watching it grow, radiometric dating, taking photographs and asking other people.

What did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge?

What did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge? They discovered this by finding the age of rock samples obtained by drilling in the ocean floor. How did scientists discover that rocks farther away from the mid-ocean ridge were older that those near the ridge?

How does the theory of plate tectonics support the theory of seafloor spreading quizlet?

Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. basaltic oceanic crust and overlying sediment become progressively younger as the mid-ocean ridge is approached, and the sediment cover is thinner near the ridge.

What is the major evidence that sea floor spreading creates new lithosphere explain your answer?

The record of magnetic reversals is carried away from each side of the spreading center of a mid-ocean ridge, showing that the molten rock is creating new lithosphere.

How does seafloor spreading helps the scientists proved that the plates are moving?

Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere.

How do scientists map features of the ocean floor using sonar?

Here’s how it works. Multibeam sonar signals are sent out from the ship. With about 1500 sonar soundings sent out per second, multibeam “paints” the seafloor in a fanlike pattern. This creates a detailed “sound map” that shows ocean depth, bottom type, and topographic features.

How does the age of oceanic rock serve as evidence for seafloor spreading?

The age, density, and thickness of oceanic crust increases with distance from the mid-ocean ridge. The magnetism of mid-ocean ridges helped scientists first identify the process of seafloor spreading in the early 20th century.

How old are the oldest rocks of the ocean floor?

The oldest oceanic crust is about 260 million years old. This sounds old but is actually very young compared to the oldest continental rocks, which are 4 billion years old.

How does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?

The new crust is pushed away from the Ocean Ridge in both directions as newer crust is formed. This is called sea floor spreading. The crust that makes up the sea floor starts to have time to accumulate a layer of sediments as it gets older and moves away from the Ocean Ridge.

How do scientists determine the age of fossils quizlet?

How do scientists determine the age of fossils? They use radiometric dating to measure the age of the surrounding rocks.

What two methods are used to determine the age of a rock or fossil?

​There are two main ways to determine the age of a rock, these are Relative dating and Absolute dating. Relative dating is used to determine the relative order of past events by comparing the age of one object to another.

What do scientists think causes the movement of Earth’s plates?

The movement of these tectonic plates is likely caused by convection currents in the molten rock in Earth’s mantle below the crust. Earthquakes and volcanoes are the short-term results of this tectonic movement.

How can scientists find the absolute ages of igneous rocks?

The nuclear decay of radioactive isotopes is a process that behaves in a clock-like fashion and is thus a useful tool for determining the absolute age of rocks. Radioactive decay is the process by which a “parent” isotope changes into a “daughter” isotope.

What do scientists think produces Earth’s magnetic field quizlet?

Scientists think that the Earth’s magnetic field is caused by the movement of electric charges in the Earth’s liquid outer core.

What have scientists found out about how fossils are distributed?

Finding identical or similar fossils in areas separated by vast distances were some of the first clues that scientists used to reconstruct past plate movement. This distribution of fossils led to theories that the southern continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Gondwana.

What method have scientists not used to explore the ocean floor?

Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)

Remotely operated vehicles, or ROVs, are submersible robots that allow us to explore the ocean without actually being in the ocean.

Which discovery did scientists make at mid-ocean ridges that caused them to conclude?

Explanation: On the basis of Tharp’s efforts and other new discoveries about the deep-ocean floor, Hess postulated that molten material from Earth’s mantle continuously wells up along the crests of the mid-ocean ridges that wind for nearly 80,000 km (50,000 miles) through all the world’s oceans.

What do you expect to find at a mid-ocean ridge?

The mid-ocean ridge is a continuous chain of volcanoes on the ocean floor where lava erupts and the crust of the Earth is created. Nearly every day, somewhere on the crest of the mid-ocean ridge, there is likely to be an eruption of lava or an intrusion of magma that builds the ocean crust.

What does the theory of plate tectonics state about the earth marine science?

Plate tectonics theory. theory that Earth’s outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. Crust. outermost layer of a planet. Mantle.

How does plate tectonics differ from continental drift and seafloor spreading?

The main difference between plate tectonics and continental drift is that plate tectonics describes the features and movement of Earth’s surface in the present and in the past whereas continental drift describes the drifting of Earth’s continents on the ocean bed.

Which of the following is a result of sea floor spreading?

In sea-floor spreading, the sea floor spreads apart along both sides of a mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added. As a result, the ocean floors move like conveyor belts, carrying the continents along with them.

What can you say about the ages of oceanic crust near and far from the Mid Oceanic Ridge *?

What can you say about the ages of oceanic crust near and far from the mid-oceanic ridge? Oceanic crust is younger near the ridge but older far from it. Oceanic crust is older near the ridge but younger far from it.

What evidence supports the theory of ocean floor?

Several types of evidence from the oceans supported Hess’s theory of sea-floor spreading-evidence from molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples. This evidence also led sci- entists to look again at Wegener’s theory of continental drift.

How does sea-floor spreading help support the theory of continental drift?

Wegener proposed that the continents themselves move, which is untrue. It is the tectonic plates that move. Sea floor spreading caused the break up of Pangea, which prompted Wegener to add this in support of his continental drift theory.

How did discovery of magnetic reversals confirm the seafloor spreading hypothesis?

The discovery of magnetic reversals confirmed the sea floor spreading hypothesis by showing that the rocks on either side of the ridge revealed the same polarity equally. Each time there was a polarity change noted on one side of the ridge, it was the same on the other side of the ridge.

What can you say about the ages of the oceanic rocks near the Mid Atlantic Ridge Do the ages of oceanic rocks get older as you move away from the ridge?

Age of the oceanic crust increases with the distance from the mid-ocean ridge. And as an eventual event, older oceanic crust encounters a tectonic boundary with continental crust. Explanation: New and thin crusts on earth is located at the actual site of seafloor spreading.

What are the evidence of sea-floor spreading?

Supporting Evidence for Seafloor Spreading

First, samples of the deep ocean floor show that basaltic oceanic crust and overlying sediment become progressively younger as the mid-ocean ridge is approached, and the sediment cover is thinner near the ridge.

How will you justify that plate tectonics or movement of plate boundaries is also beneficial to us?

Plate or plate boundary movements can also benefit people because many of the earth’s natural resources of energy, minerals, and soil are concentrated near past or present plate boundaries. The use of these readily available resources has supported human civilization, both now and in the past.

How do ocean ridges and deep sea trenches support the theory of sea floor spreading?

Matching magnetic lines of reversal along both sides of the ocean ridge also lends support to the theory of sea floor spreading. The subduction zones which form the deep sea trenches also support the theory of sea floor spreading.

How do scientists map the ocean floor?

Echo sounding is the key method scientists use to map the seafloor today. The technique, first used by German scientists in the early 20th century, uses sound waves bounced off the ocean bottom. Echo sounders aboard ships have components called transducers that both transmit and receive sound waves.

How do scientists study the ocean floor?

Sonar can be used to measure how deep the ocean is. A device records the time it takes sound waves to travel from the surface to the ocean floor and back again. Sound waves travel through water at a known speed. Once scientists know the travel time of the wave, they can calculate the distance to the ocean floor.

How were scientists able to compare the age of rocks present in the ocean floor what is the technique called How does it work?

To confirm the ages obtained with magnetic records, and get an absolute age of the seafloor, scientists use the radioactive dating technique. When the lava solidifies at the ridges to form the new seafloor, radioactive elements coming from the mantle are trapped in it.

How do scientists map features of the ocean floor using sonar?

Here’s how it works. Multibeam sonar signals are sent out from the ship. With about 1500 sonar soundings sent out per second, multibeam “paints” the seafloor in a fanlike pattern. This creates a detailed “sound map” that shows ocean depth, bottom type, and topographic features.

Why is the oldest ocean floor only 200 million years old?

While the Earth’s continental crust can exist for billions of years, movement of tectonic plates causes subduction, which is when the ocean crust is shoved down into the molten mantle. So the ocean floor rarely lasts longer than 200 million years.

Why does the age of the ocean floor increase with increasing distance from the spreading center of the mid-ocean ridge?

The new crust is pushed away from the Ocean Ridge in both directions as newer crust is formed. This is called sea floor spreading. The crust that makes up the sea floor starts to have time to accumulate a layer of sediments as it gets older and moves away from the Ocean Ridge.

How does the age of the ocean floor correlate to the location of the mid-ocean ridge?

On the ridge flanks, the depth of the seafloor (or the height of a location on a mid-ocean ridge above a base-level) is correlated with its age (age of the lithosphere where depth is measured). The depth-age relation can be modeled by the cooling of a lithosphere plate or mantle half-space.

How can we accurately determine the age of a rock or fossil by measuring its quizlet?

In this process, called radiometric dating, scientists measure the amount of parent isotope and daughter isotope in a sample of the material they want to date. From this ratio, they can determine the material’s age.

Which is the most accurate way of determining the age of a fossil quizlet?

Absolute age or radiometric dating is the most accurate form of dating. It gives the precise age of rocks and fossils.

How do scientists know the age of rocks?

The age of rocks is determined by radiometric dating, which looks at the proportion of two different isotopes in a sample. Radioactive isotopes break down in a predictable amount of time, enabling geologists to determine the age of a sample using equipment like this thermal ionization mass spectrometer.

How do scientists determine the age of fossils quizlet?

How do scientists determine the age of fossils? They use radiometric dating to measure the age of the surrounding rocks.

How did scientists determine the age of the Earth?

The best estimate for Earth’s age is based on radiometric dating of fragments from the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite. From the fragments, scientists calculated the relative abundances of elements that formed as radioactive uranium decayed over billions of years.

How do scientists determine the age of fossils?

To establish the age of a rock or a fossil, researchers use some type of clock to determine the date it was formed. Geologists commonly use radiometric dating methods, based on the natural radioactive decay of certain elements such as potassium and carbon, as reliable clocks to date ancient events.

What do scientists think causes the Earth’s magnetic field?

Scientists know that today the Earth’s magnetic field is powered by the solidification of the planet’s liquid iron core. The cooling and crystallization of the core stirs up the surrounding liquid iron, creating powerful electric currents that generate a magnetic field stretching far out into space.

Why do scientists believe that the inner core is solid?

The temperature in the inner core is very high about 5200 degrees Celcius and pressure is 3.6 million atmospheres. The high pressure and density in the inner core prevent the iron from melting and keep the core solid even in high-temperature conditions.

How do scientists explain the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates quizlet?

What is the theory of plate tectonics? That the plates of the earth are in slow, constant motion driven by convection currents in the mantle and explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s plates.

What do scientists think causes the movement of Earth’s plates quizlet?

What do scientists think caused the movement of Earth’s plates? Convection currents in the mantle.

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