How did scientists determine the location and size of the underwater mountain chain?

A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.

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What did scientists notice when they observed the mid-ocean ridge?

What did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge? They discovered this by finding the age of rock samples obtained by drilling in the ocean floor. How did scientists discover that rocks farther away from the mid-ocean ridge were older that those near the ridge?

What is the underwater mountain chain called that was discovered?

If originated from current tectonic forces, they are often referred to as a mid-ocean ridge. In contrast, if formed by past above-water volcanism, they are known as a seamount chain. The largest and best known undersea mountain range is a mid-ocean ridge, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

How did the scientists discover the characteristics of rocks in the seafloor where the rocks near the ridge is younger than the rocks that are far away from the ridge?

Seafloor Ages

The scientists used geologic dating techniques on seafloor rocks. They found that the youngest rocks on the seafloor were at the mid-ocean ridges. The rocks get older with distance from the ridge crest. The scientists were surprised to find that the oldest seafloor is less than 180 million years old.

How do scientists use sound waves to determine the shape of the ocean floor?

The ocean depth is calculated by knowing how fast sound travels in the water (approximately 1,500 meters per second) and measuring the time it takes the sound to travel to the bottom and return. This method of seafloor mapping is called echosounding.

How do scientists explain the formation of underwater mountain ranges?

A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.

What is undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced?

mid-ocean ridge– the undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary.

How do underwater mountain ranges form quizlet?

This material rises through faults (cracks) between oceanic plates that are moving away from one another. This material fills the cracks, hardens, and forms new crust. This process repeats many times and eventually forms an underwater mountain range.

Where is the longest underwater mountain in the world?

The mid-ocean ridge is the longest mountain range on Earth.

The longest mountain range on Earth is called the mid-ocean ridge. Spanning 40,389 miles around the globe, it’s truly a global landmark. About 90 percent of the mid-ocean ridge system is under the ocean.

What is the boundary found where plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges?

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Plates move apart at mid-ocean ridges where new seafloor forms. Between the two plates is a rift valley.

Which discovery did scientists make at mid-ocean ridges that caused them to conclude?

Explanation: On the basis of Tharp’s efforts and other new discoveries about the deep-ocean floor, Hess postulated that molten material from Earth’s mantle continuously wells up along the crests of the mid-ocean ridges that wind for nearly 80,000 km (50,000 miles) through all the world’s oceans.

What technology did scientists use in the mid 1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge *?

What technology did scientists use in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge? Sonar.

How did scientists determine how old the ocean floor is?

Scientists can determine the age of the seafloor by examining the changing magnetic field of our planet. Every once in a while, the currents in the liquid core, which create the Earth’s magnetic field, reverse themselves: it is called a geomagnetic reversal. This has happened many times throughout Earth’s history.

What method have scientists not used to explore the ocean floor?

Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)

Remotely operated vehicles, or ROVs, are submersible robots that allow us to explore the ocean without actually being in the ocean.

How do scientists know the seafloor is spreading?

The age, density, and thickness of oceanic crust increases with distance from the mid-ocean ridge. The magnetism of mid-ocean ridges helped scientists first identify the process of seafloor spreading in the early 20th century.

What did scientists learn when they mapped the ocean floor in the 1800s?

As scientists mapped the ocean floor, they found long, curved valleys along the edges of some ocean basins called deep-ocean trenches. Trenches form the deepest parts of Earth’s oceans.

What are underwater mountain ranges called quizlet?

Terms in this set (14) Using those waves, scientists dicovered a system of underwater mountain ranges called the mid-ocean ridges in many oceans. Hot, less dense material below the earth’s this rises upward to the surface at the mid-ocean ridges.

Where are ocean trenches formed?

Trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor that form at the boundary of tectonic plates where one plate is pushed, or subducts, beneath another.

How do scientists use ocean sediments to study the past?

How do scientists use ocean sediments to study the past? Scientists use deep-sea stratigraphy to look for clues, such as rock composition, microfossils, deposition patterns and other physical properties. Based on these they can estimate the age of the sediment layers and draw conclusions about the past.

How do convection currents help form underwater mountains quizlet?

How do convection currents help form underwater mountains? As the hot magma rises, it comes up between tectonic plates and spreads outward, causing the oceanic ridges to rise and form mountains.

How do scientists use sound waves to determine the shape of the ocean floor Brainly?

Echo sounders use different frequencies of sound to find out different things about the seafloor. Scientists typically use echo sounders that transmit sound at 12 kiloHertz (kHz) to determine how far down the seafloor lies.

How are sound waves used to map the bottoms of lakes and oceans?

The invention of sonar changed the way that the seafloor is mapped. A combined transmitter and receiver, called a transducer, sends a sound pulse straight down into the water. The pulse moves down through the water and bounces off the ocean bottom.

What do scientists believe is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?

The movement of these tectonic plates is likely caused by convection currents in the molten rock in Earth’s mantle below the crust. Earthquakes and volcanoes are the short-term results of this tectonic movement. The long-term result of plate tectonics is the movement of entire continents over millions of years (Fig.

Where is ocean Plateau located?

The South Pacific region around Australia and New Zealand contains the greatest number of oceanic plateaus (see map). Oceanic plateaus produced by large igneous provinces are often associated with hotspots, mantle plumes, and volcanic islands — such as Iceland, Hawaii, Cape Verde, and Kerguelen.

What is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle?

Subduction is the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle.

Which is the longest and the most extensive chain of underwater mountains on Earth?

The mid-ocean ridge is the most extensive chain of mountains on Earth, stretching nearly 65,000 kilometers (40,390 miles) and with more than 90 percent of the mountain range lying in the deep ocean.

What do underwater mountains become when they rise out of the water?

What are Seamounts? Seamounts are underwater mountains that rise hundreds or thousands of feet from the seafloor. They are generally extinct volcanoes that, while active, created piles of lava that sometimes break the ocean surface.

What happens at each plate boundary?

Divergent boundaries: where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other. Convergent boundaries: where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another. Transform boundaries: where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.

Does the Earth become smaller or bigger when plate moves?

New crust is continually being pushed away from divergent boundaries (where sea-floor spreading occurs), increasing Earth’s surface. But the Earth isn’t getting any bigger.

How does oceanic crust move along mid-ocean ridges?

How do mid-ocean ridges form? Underneath the ocean, deep in the earth convection currents bring molten material up to the upper mantle. This material rises through faults (cracks) between oceanic plates that are moving away from one another. This material fills the cracks, hardens, and forms new crust.

Does the longest and highest mountain range on the same location?

No, the longest and highest mountain range do not lie on the same location. There are different types of mountain ranges in our planet with different heights and lengths. The longest mountain range above the water level is the Andes mountain range which is situated in the South American continent.

How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?

At convergent boundaries, plates move toward each other. They can push together and cause mountain ranges to form. At other times, one plate gets pushed down beneath the other plate. This can cause volcanoes.

How do magnetic stripes on the ocean floor serve as evidence for seafloor spreading quizlet?

How do strips of magnetized rock on the ocean floor provide evidence of sea-floor spreading? Strips of ocean-floor basalt record the polarity of Earth’s magnetic field at the time the rock formed. These strips form a pattern that is the same on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge.

How do magnetic stripes of iron in ocean rock provide evidence of seafloor spreading quizlet?

A crack forms in oceanic crust. How do magnetic stripes of iron in ocean rock provide evidence of seafloor spreading? They reveal a matching pattern on either side of the ridge.

What 4 different ways do scientists explore the ocean floor?

Technologies used to explore outer space and the ocean include submersibles, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), satellites, rovers, diving/scuba gear, buoys, mega corers, water column samplers, and sonar for mapping.

What did the scientist find while studying the ocean floor?

Front	Back
What cause seafloor spreading to occur?	Continental Drift/ Plate Tectonics
While studying the ocean floor, scientists found ____ bands of magnetism	Paired

How do scientists gather information about the characteristics of the oceans?

Orbiting spacecrafts make highly accurate measurements of the height of the ocean surface – commonly called ‘sea level’ – to gather long-term information about the world’s ocean and its currents.

What did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge?

What did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge? They discovered this by finding the age of rock samples obtained by drilling in the ocean floor. How did scientists discover that rocks farther away from the mid-ocean ridge were older that those near the ridge?

Which scientist from the 1960’s is credited for proposing the theory of seafloor spreading?

The seafloor spreading hypothesis was proposed by the American geophysicist Harry H. Hess in 1960.

How did scientists determine how old the ocean floor is Brainly?

The answer is radiometric dating, if you have the choices of watching it grow, radiometric dating, taking photographs and asking other people.

How do scientists map features of the ocean floor using sonar?

Here’s how it works. Multibeam sonar signals are sent out from the ship. With about 1500 sonar soundings sent out per second, multibeam “paints” the seafloor in a fanlike pattern. This creates a detailed “sound map” that shows ocean depth, bottom type, and topographic features.

How did scientists determine how old the ocean floor is?

Scientists can determine the age of the seafloor by examining the changing magnetic field of our planet. Every once in a while, the currents in the liquid core, which create the Earth’s magnetic field, reverse themselves: it is called a geomagnetic reversal. This has happened many times throughout Earth’s history.

Is the Earth’s diameter getting bigger because of seafloor spreading?

Seafloor spreading creates new crust. Subduction destroys old crust. The two forces roughly balance each other, so the shape and diameter of the Earth remain constant.

How did scientists determine the age of the ocean floor quizlet?

Scientists discovered that the rock that makes up the ocean floor lies in a pattern of magnetized “stripes”. These stripes hold a record of reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field. The Glomar Challenger, a drilling ship, gathered samples. The scientists determined the age of the rocks in the samples.

What did scientists conclude when they discovered that stripes of ocean floor?

When scientists plotted the points of normal and reversed polarity on a seafloor map they made an astonishing discovery: the normal and reversed magnetic polarity of seafloor basalts creates a pattern. Stripes of normal polarity and reversed polarity alternate across the ocean bottom.

What are underwater mountain chains called?

If originated from current tectonic forces, they are often referred to as a mid-ocean ridge. In contrast, if formed by past above-water volcanism, they are known as a seamount chain. The largest and best known undersea mountain range is a mid-ocean ridge, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

How do scientists use sound waves to determine the shape of the ocean floor?

The ocean depth is calculated by knowing how fast sound travels in the water (approximately 1,500 meters per second) and measuring the time it takes the sound to travel to the bottom and return. This method of seafloor mapping is called echosounding.

What is the area where the movement from the ocean trenches volcanic eruption and epicenter of the earthquake happen along the boundaries of tectonic plates?

The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Its length is approximately 40,000 kilometers (24,900 miles).

Why are trenches the deepest part of the ocean?

At many convergent plate boundaries, dense lithosphere melts or slides beneath less-dense lithosphere in a process called subduction, creating a trench. Ocean trenches occupy the deepest layer of the ocean, the hadalpelagic zone.

How do underwater mountain ranges form quizlet?

This material rises through faults (cracks) between oceanic plates that are moving away from one another. This material fills the cracks, hardens, and forms new crust. This process repeats many times and eventually forms an underwater mountain range.

How do convection currents help form underwater mountains?

As tectonic plates slowly move away from each other, heat from the mantle’s convection currents makes the crust more plastic and less dense. The less-dense material rises, often forming a mountain or elevated area of the seafloor.

How do scientists measure ocean depths?

The most common and fastest way of measuring ocean depth uses sound. Ships using technology called sonar, which stands for sound navigation and ranging, can map the topography of the ocean floor. The device sends sound waves to the bottom of the ocean and measures how long it takes for an echo to return.

How are sound waves used to map the bottoms of lakes and oceans?

The invention of sonar changed the way that the seafloor is mapped. A combined transmitter and receiver, called a transducer, sends a sound pulse straight down into the water. The pulse moves down through the water and bounces off the ocean bottom.

How do scientists get sediment cores from the bottom of the ocean?

To collect such samples, scientists use surface samplers and coring devices. Surface samplers collect sediment from the very top layers of the ocean floor. These samples may contain some water and even animals hidden in the muddy bottom. Coring devices collect long cylinders of sediment called cores.

Why do scientists use ocean sediments instead of those found on land to track climate history?

Earth has experienced cycles of climate change throughout its geologic history. The record of these cycles can be found in layers of oceanic sediments. Changes in temperature, pH, and the presence or absence of ice cover determine the types and numbers of microorganisms that can live in our oceans.

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